Photography. Very beginning. Main conceptions. Day 1

There is camera in each and every family – film or digital. Someone has it in his or her cupboard to get dusted, someone carries it everywhere and shoot everything. And who doesn't have the camera – make photos, using mobile phone.

You have made photos of your wife, children, your mother-in-low, your dog, cat, house and your car. But, what's next?
Maybe you have already heard words like: resolution, matrix, pixel and megapixel too! And you know, that modern phototechnique may do everything itself. But when we come closer to the needs of shooting quality and interesting photos, we start asking too many questions! Which camera should I buy? How could I shoot correctly variety of objects in different situations and what to do after with all of those images? What may I shoot?

Let's start our journey into amazing world of photography, world that will bring you unforgettable experiences and pleasure to be the Creator!

In Days 1 - 3 - just a brief tour about main conceptions in photography.

Cameras can be digital and film. And also main difference after this one - is that cameras can be SLR and nonSLR. When photographer uses nonSLR camera he looks through its view finder, but the light comes to the matrix or film through the lenses. It's fine, when you shoot the object from the distance, but when you come closer to the object and start shooting "micro", errors come. Because, you see through the view finder one area and matrix or film sees through the lenses very different area. This error has name parallax. Knowing this we need to do correction during close-up shooting.

And, without counting parallax matter, nonSLR cameras are very good piece of equipment!
When you use SLR camera, you look through the lenses in reality, and see what will be on the matrix or film. Because light comes through the lenses, then passes system of mirrors in the pentagonal prism, and, finally, comes out from view finder. This system allows you to use many types of lenses.
Film(analog) cameras can differ in types of film: 35mm - narrow film and 61mm - wide film.

Lens consists of system of lenses in hard casing. It is intended for image creation and focusing it to the film or matrix. Lens can be wide-angle, long-focus and normal-angle.

Wide-angle lenses make picture with wide coverage and are used during shooting interiors or people inside premises.
Long-focus lenses are meant to produce pictures from a distance, like sporting events or wild animals shooting.
Normal-angle lenses make image close to our usual visual perception.

Focal distance marked in mm:
- superwide-angle - 17-20 mm;
- wide-angle - 20-35 mm;
- normal-angle - 45-55 mm;
- portrait lenses - 85 mm;
- long-focus - 100-180 mm;
- telephoto - 200-1000 mm.

Lenses can be:
- with fixed focal distance;
- with variable focal distance.

Lens speed
All modern lens have high lens speed(aperture ratio). Lens speed can be measured with aperture opened to maximum and it's designated in fraction: 1:2; 1:2.8; 1:4. The less second number - the better! Theoretically lens speed can be 1.0, but it is only in case when there is no any light loss inside the lens system. According to this ratio, you can distinguish between amateur lens and professional lens. For instance, lenses with maximum aperture ratio 1.0; 1.4; 2.0; 2.8 considered to be professional and practically, you can make photos without tripod, using them, in any illumination with speed ISO 400-800. If you see lenses with ratio 3.5-3.8 or 4.0-5.6, obviously these are amateur lenses.

Aperture
Each lens(if you have SLR camera) marked with numbers. These are values of aperture. Aperture - it's a value of lens opening, when you make a photo. Those numbers can be: f/2,0; f/2,8; f/4; f/5,6; f/8; f/11; f/16; f/22. The bigger aperture value - the smaller the size of the lens openings, through which light enters the camera. For instance, aperture value f/2,0 - means opened lens and f/16 - closed. If you change aperture value for one step - quantity of the light, coming into the camera, increase or decrease two times.
For example, with opened aperture f/2,8 amount of light, entering the lens 2 times more than with aperture f/4, and 16 times more than f/11.
The more aperture is opened (f/2 or f/2,8) - the more light hit the matrix or film, the more possibilities for making photos in bad lightning conditions.
When we close aperture to values of f/11; f/16; f/22 - we are greatly decreasing amount of light, entering our camera.
It is very important to choose right value of aperture, because aperture is not only responsible for the amount of light, entering the camera, but also it allows us to make sharp all area of the image or it allows us to make important object to stand out against a background.
By opening the aperture, we allow more light enter our camera and at the same time we diffuse a background. And from the other side - when we close the aperture, we decrease amount of light, entering the camera, and at the same time we make sharp not only primary objects, but all area in the image.

In Day 2 we will discuss subjects about shutter speed and exposure.

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